quizzes

(8) What did Adam Smith say about the benefits of trade & size of markets & division of labor? Larger the market, greater division of labor, more efficiency & economic growth
(10) What is positive freedom? Capabilities – providing ability & OPPORTUNITY to do things for whole population – universal education, health care, public transportation, parks etc – not just political & economic domination by rich
(11) What is negative freedom(2pts)? Right to be let alone. Result – laissez Faire economics – big gap rich & poor, politics corrupt by $$$. 1880’s & 1920’s & 1980’s
(12)What are the side-effects of markets / trade called? (2pts) positive & negative externalities. Give examples of the two kinds.(2pts) negative pollution (energy taxes?) & universal education, universal health care (cheaper, more efficient).
1. The claim is often made that Darwinian evolution implies that cut-throat competition “red in tooth and claw” is the rule of nature. Refute. (2)
Social Animals like humans aren’t pure competition - cooperate to some extent – Ants, Bees workers total sacrifice for benefit of colony – Elephants show huge compassion..
Human evolution early hominids – hunting bands paired couples mostly – women don’t display estrus would cause distraction & competition between males. Hurt efficient hunt.
2. Mention advantages the US had over Europe in economic development 1870-1920.
2/3 world Coal Great Water transport - Great lakes, Hudson, Mississippi, Hudson River & Erie canal Gold & Silver in West
Less Defense costs – oceans protect us. Indians are disease riddled & non-Eurasian
Big Market - RR System with Same Gauge facilitates trade compared to Europe’s internal tariffs & varied RR gauges from invasion paranoia
Education System (Democracy) leads to free secondary educ and most Libraries
Workers scarce, few craftsmen – encourage American System & labor saving devices
Legal system lets anything happen in name of economic growth - land use no limits
Social Darwinist ideology& racial / ethnic / religious divisions lets workers be used disposably. Human rights are “Humbug” - great SHORT TERM maximized economic growth and damn the environment
3. What is Social Darwinism? Social position is determined by fair “Darwinian” competition. Rich worked their way up from poverty (or could have due to superiority)
Poor are in the gutter because they have moral defects or racial inferiority or both
Attempts to help poor are misguided – upset the “natural” order – just make them lazier and more pathetic Kill that nasty minimum wage. “Tragedy of American Compassion”
4. Mention 3 taxes a Social Darwinist would dislike? Wealth ( as in Islam or Jesus)
Inheritance (estate / “DEATH TAX”) Paris Hilton & Steve Forbes deserve 0% rate!!!
Graduated Income. UGH! Social Darwinist mantra “LOW MARGINAL TAX RATES”
Capital Gains : wealth increases in value & produce $$ for you. Interest Income (Usury) Current SD’s hate environmental laws & hate Energy taxes (pollution externalities) “government interference” Which tax or what kind of taxes would a Social Darwinist prefer? Consumption, includes Tariff or Sales (poor consume most of their income, rich invest) Payroll tax –LOVE this - stops at $85,000 – exempt most of rich income Flat Tax (benefits top 6% - bottom 94% pay more)
Practically speaking do not want to have too high taxes on investments or incomeLIdi Amin, “eat the rich”) leads to evasion, shifting kinds of income to lower rate type Republicans predicted Clinton’s tax increases on Rich would kill economy & destroy incentives – created record Job Growth & investment bubble & huge economic growth
6 What “crime” caused the lynching which started Ida Wells on her anti-lynching crusade? Economic success – culling of Alpha black males -
7. What was “Fusion”? (3) Populists attempt to create a racial unity party – poor whites and poor blacks both getting screwed by Bourbons (rich whites)
Who is generally most racist? The group just above the “mud-sill” class
8. What happened to the money supply between 1865 and the 1880’s? (2) Drastic contraction – ½ per capita (1/6 populists claim)
9. Who was hurt by this change in money supply? (1) Debtors who have to pay back loans in more valuable $$ Mortgaged farmers - Poor especially in the south where credit was scarcest . Why? The more scarce something is the more valuable) Rich get richer.
11. Who was Jay Gould & what did he do? (5) Shyster stock manipulation – buy RR’s & blackmail competitors
12. What was Andrew Carnegie’s organizational innovation and what does it mean? (3)
Vertical integration – from ore in ground to finished product – noone else gets any profit
13. What industrial process did Carnegie exploit? (1) Bessemer Process
14. What made Carnegie beloved? (2) Charity – Libraries – gave early and often – Carnegie Endowment for International Peace “dying with lots of money is shameful” put profits back into society
15. How did John D Rockefeller gain a dishonest advantage on his competitors? (3) Secret rebates from RR’s – paid for competitors transport so they can’t compete
16 What did the Dawes Act do? (3) Break up Indian lands – 160 acres per family – foster individualism – Whites grab the extra (including Oklahoma)
Quiz 9 - 15 Mention 3 customs or characteristics of Hawaiian Society that led missionaries to deplore their depravity. naked, give away kids to establish social bonds, unashamed of sex, love nature full of gods, not conquer
14 What were 2 of the concessions Booker T Washington made to White Southerners?
Reconstruction was horrible, blacks not ready; never mind the vote or social equality What were conflicting educational approaches of Booker T Washington and the Niagara Movement? Vocational practical vs need a talented 10th which earns everything to lead
15. What were 2 changes in education in the South after 1900. More $$$, more race discrimination in funding
16. Why would bi-metalism be tricky & what would Gresham’s law predict would happen because of the Comstock discoveries? Ratios not stable, bad $ drives out good
17. How did Immigration to the US change - before 1880 compared to after 1880? Northwest Europe to Southeast Europe
18. The _nuclear_ family was seen as the backbone of society by middle-class families?
19. The Cult of True womanhood said that middle-class women should be
__chaste_, _pure , _submissive_ , and _pious_.
21. How did Frances Willard of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union change the way people saw alcohol abuse? (2) Disease not sin – environment, not inherently inferior
22. What factors in the American Economy encouraged the desire & need for colonies and Ports? Explain. (4) not enough consumption for increased production (income skew) look to China etc for markets. Grab before others grab
23. Which theorist wrote a book encouraging the grabbing ports and what was the name of his book? (2) Albert Thayer McMahan Influence of seapower on history
Extra credit : what was the only good part of Captain Cook’s legacy? (1) roast
19. What was Eugenics? (2) scientific breeding based on scientific racism – superior breed more What was a method used? (1) forced sterilization
21. What foreign leader borrowed American ideas about Eugenics?(1) Hitler
22. What radical changes did Henry Ford make in 1914 affecting his workers. $5 & 8 hrs
23. Ford had a couple of reasons for his move. What was a reason which relates to the causes of the Depression of 1893. (2) insufficient consumption – enable workers buy cars
24. Why were the productivity increases from Ford’s new assembly lines disappointing? ) absenteeism, high turnover, sloppy work
25. What is “Noblesse Oblige”? (2) Obligations of rich to poor
What practical experience affected Teddy Roosevelt’s view of the poor? (1) Police Commissioner NYC
What was “Brandeis Brief”? (2) scientific sociological jurispridence on social questions
29. The formation of __women’s colleges___ late 1800’s had an influence on many of leaders of the Progressive movement who had trouble getting jobs in business or law.
What did Karl Marx say about religion? Opiate of the people
What did Karl Marx say about private property? Theft
What did Karl Marx say about income of the working class? Going down till revolution
Which book by Vladimir Lenin influenced Ho Chi Minh? Imperialism highest form Capitalism. What did Lenin predict about the future in the areas covered by that book? Colonial revolts
What organization founded by Soviet Union in 1919 caused fear in the West? Comintern
What was the organization supposed to do? Propaganda, spy, spread revolution
What did Wilson’s 14 Points say about treaties & covenants between nations (which is also a requirement for good democracy and science)? Openly arrived at - transparency
What was the primary underlying reason for World War I? Imperialism
What does this word mean? Conquer & control other countries
What effect did World War I have on American farmers’ income? Double, except in South- Boll weevil & cotton shipping interference
What effect did World War I have on US farm mechanization & why? Speed up – hi priced horses sell quick – advances in engines
What was central disagreement about the League of Nations between Wilson & Lodge? Article 10 Why didn’t Lodge like this requirement? Hinder American Imperialism
What important future leader did Lodge’s victory help? Hitler
How did the way Winston Churchill drew borders of Iraq differ from how Woodrow Wilson wanted to draw the boundaries? Oil imperialism vs self-determination
What did Woodrow Wilson bring to treaty talks that illustrated “Progressive” tendencies? experts on populations, languages, cultures, political history
WWI •Imperialism & imperial attitude :
Must conquer to thrive vs free trade & self determination & all men =•
Must compete with other conquerors …. arms races & alliances
• mobilization schedules …. archduke Ferdinand shot
•Why imperialism doesn’t work : media (can’t slaughter in private anymore)
• expectations of self-determination. arms trade, urbanization
Causes of WWII •End of war, no march thru Berlin – “stabbed in back”
•Treaty :14 points promised, blame, reparations, land grab instead
•No repudiation of racism for Japanese
•Keynes “economic consequences of peace” split German coal & steel area cripple economy. Reparations delicate borrowing loop
No League – pissed off Gemans & Italians & Japanese experiment with grabbing

•Balfour? English government looks with favor on Jewish homeland in Palestine with no prejudice to rights of current inhabitants. But 2 peoples can’t own same land
•1917 for Jewish favor – control Bolsheviks, have $$
•Also Parallels Jewish English history
•Old Testament tradition England Jews rebuild temple & Christ returns ,
•what contradiction? Palestinian Muslims & Christians?
•Surrounding Arabs sympathize
•US immigration cutoff 1924 – more Jews were leaving Palestine for uS than going to Palestine

•Gold standard – hard currency – depends on discoveries.
• may not match econ activity origin of banks – gold & receipts
• Andrew Mellon : sound currency! let them starve! Run a surplus
•Federal Reserve. make money supply match economic activity level
•Keynes : economy may settle at level below full employment - momentum
•Monetary policy – amount of $$. More needed if deflation, less if inflation.
• interest rate up if inflation (too much activity), down if high unemployment
•Tax policy insufficient demand : more progressive taxation
• insufficient supply / investment – lower tax on investors / rich
•Fiscal policy – Govt spending welfare & public works
• Below full activity – spend on public works, run a deficit & increase welfare payments
• Hyperactivity (bubble) raise taxes on investors,
• raise margin requirements
• raise interest rates
NAACP Challenges Segregation in Courts •
•Till late 1930’s afraid of direct challenge. If Plessy reaffirmed calamity.
•Charles Houston “lawyer is either social engineer of parasite on society” Attack Jim Crow at most vulnerable point, school segregation. Clear, gross, easily documented.
•1938 Missouri Law School decision – new professional schools at Black state colleges
•1940 Thurgood Marshall takes over NAACP Legal head
•1944 White Primary race discrimination